The closed and open-ended questions were given to key informants and households grouped in agricultural and beekeeping cooperatives. The data were analyzed with the support of SPSS . In general, the survey was designed to know the impact of agricultural practices on honey production, and potential impact of pesticides and inorganic fertilizer to bees. The observations on field were conducted several times, in order to identify beepers, agriculturists in surrounding areas and their location, key factors to include such as socio-economic and environment aspect,taking notes and recording data. In Village of Gakeli, Kavumu Cell in Ruhango Sector, about 51 respondents were beekeepers formed UNICOAPIGI cooperative and 73 were farmers grouped in Njyambere agricultural cooperative who use great amount of pesticides, such as Lambdabex, Rocket and inorganic fertilizers, Diamonium Phosphate and Urea to raise corn crops, which affect honey productivity and also the findings of Gary , illustrated the effect of applying the methamidophosin agriculture at rate of 14 g/ha in alfalfa field caused honey reduction.
In addition, the 73 farmers identified depended on the farming activities with application of pesticides and inorganic fertilizers to raise the corn yields through JYAMBERE cooperative in Kagondero Village, Rukaragata Cell in Kigeyo and the plot size owned by household farmers was less than 0.5 hectares.With comparison to the District report of National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, about 78% of population are farmers with plot size less than 0.3 hectares and the 49% of income are generated from agriculture and these results showed the effort of human interaction with the nature in terms of exploitation of the environment and also previous researches reported on the assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services illustrated that around 25% of the plant and animal species were threatened with extinction,mobile vertical farm as the result of anthropogenic activity . The necessity for income between beekeepers and farmers in the study area created the form of land competition where the beekeepers were the most vulnerable due to the decline of honey production resulted from pesticide application.
As 73 were household farmers contacted, 75.78% of them reported that they used pesticides and fertilizers to carry out their agricultural activities and this is in line with the strategies of the district for consolidating the land where about to 80% of arable land are consolidated with intention of increasing the rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in the District. In addition, 5 staff from local Government and management of the Gishwati Forest national park provided the adequate information on the threats that caused the decline of honey production. They pointed on the usage of pesticides and inorganic fertilizers by focusing on the positive correlation existing between high yield of agricultural crops and inputs. Table 1 illustrated that after 2008 year,the quantity of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides were started to be applied as a new strategy to raise corn production and in 2000 year the quantity of chemical fertilizers applied was 0 Kg whereas pesticides used was 0 Litres with 1508 Kg of honey yield. In general the quantity of pesticides and inorganic fertilizers increased within timeframe, therefore in 2018 year the quantity reached 9856 Kgfor inorganic fertilizers and 98.55 liters for pesticides with shrinking in honey production to 596 Kg .
The climatic characteristics in Sokode, with the annual rainfall minima of 964.5 mm, the maxima of 1645.1 mm, and the averages of 1270.49 mm, do not favor the occurrence of the dense forests. According to Chevalier the dense forest occurrence requires a minimum annual rainfall of 1500 mm distributed all over the year, and a dry season less than three months . However, the dense forest occurs in patches within the savanna ecosystem. This dense forest predominate the savannas in the lower latitude like in the Prefecture of Blitta, as well as at the rivers and water streams’ banks.The area presents a great potential for ecological biodiversity. In fact, an inventory of protected areas in 1993 , recorded 14 protected areas covering a total of 252,087 ha. In addition, the region hosts two of the major protected areas of the country including the protected area of Fazao and that of Aboudlye. At the economic stand points, the Central region along with the Plateaus region of the country supply wood to satisfy the national demand and for exportation. The agriculture is the major economic activity. This small holding agriculture is practiced in shifting cultivation, and in rotation of crops from one year to another.