Although an opportunistic aquatic pathogen, it has been isolated from vegetables, meat, milk, and their derivates.Several studies have shown that this species is resistant to commercial antibiotics by genetic mutations owing to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in fish breeding and other aquatic food products. Since A. hydrophila is resistant to antimicrobial agents and frequently occurs in food, it is a threat to public health .Martineli et al. assessed bovine carcasses in the state of Sao Paulo,Brazil, and reported that 38 out of 285 samples were positive for Aeromonas spp.Antimicrobial resistance tests revealed that all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cephalexin. Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a concern, because, in the case of Aeromonas spp., their indiscriminate use may lead to the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In addition, several species are pathogenic to humans. In this specific analysis, the authors focused on the care that must be taken to overcome the occurrence of A. caviae , the most prevalent in the study and one of the species defined in the literature as an etiological agent of gastroenteritisin humans.
A study conducted in the types of cheese showed total multidrug resistance to 15 antimicrobial agents in Aeromonas spp. isolates.These findings suggest concern due to threats to public health .Clinical investigations conducted in Malaysia evidenced resistance to antimicrobial agents by the genus Aeromonas . A study by Odeyemi & Ahmad , in2015, on Aeromonas strains retrieved from aquatic environments showed a pattern of multi-resistance between isolates and 21 different phenotypes. Among the antimicrobial agents analyzed, ampicillin, novobiocine,stackable planters sulfamethoxazole,and trimethoprim resistance was noted in all the isolates. They are sensitive to other antimicrobial agents such as tetracycline. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics may have caused the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria of the genus Aeromonas . The above constitutes a public health issue, since these species are pathogenic for humans and aquatic animals Furthermore,as several Aeromonas species are pathogenic and may cause diarrhea, they should be included in routine bacteriological tests .In Israel, a study evaluated the prevalence and virulence of Aeromonas by using molecular methods by analyzing 1033 samples of diarrheal feces. The etiological agent was identified to be Aeromonas spp. in 17 samples by using rpo Dgene sequencing.
The first clinical record of diarrhea by A. taiwanensis was identified in other species. The species were resistant to betalactam antibiotics,with susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics.A. caviae showed the highest resistance rate . A. caviaeis a pathogenic strain for humans, and its presence in contaminated water and food may cause gastroenteritis mainly in children and immuno suppressed individuals.In Mumbai, India, 154 ready food samples were analyzed for Aeromonas spp.during a 2-year period . The study identified the bacterium in 18 samples, including 22 Aeromonas isolates of seven different species.Since the isolated strains of Aeromonas were positive for virulence factors with high antimicrobial resistance potential, they were a risk to the health of individuals who consumed contaminated raw or cooked food products .Aeromonas strains are known for their increased capacity to acquire and exchange antibiotic resistance genes. There is a strong correlation between aquaculture,Aeromonas diversity, and antibiotic resistance. In addition, robust links exist between the prophylactic and systemic use of antibiotics in aquaculture and the propagation of resistance to antibiotics Resolution 357, published in 2005, states that thermo tolerant coliforms should not exceed 1000 thermo tolerant coliforms/100 ml in water for aquaculture and fishing activity.There is no legislation for total coliform limits in fish.However, the presence of this group in food should be investigated to guarantee the sanitary quality of fish. This mandates the implementation of control measures Aeromonas are pathogenic bacteria classified as emerging ones by the WHO.Studies have revealed that Brazilian legislation fails to establish parameters for the identification or quantification of Aeromonas for research involving food and water.